Bones
carpals (eight)
metacarpals (five)
scaphoid phalanges (bones of the digits)
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Important Landmarks
-the first group of bones of the hand
-the proximal row consists of the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and the pisiform bone -the distal row consists of the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and the hamate bones -the second group of bones of the hand -each one consists of a base, a shaft (body) and a head (distally) -they are numbered I-V (I being the thumb and V being the pinky) -tubercle
-the third group of bones of the hand -each phalanx has a base, a shaft (body) and a head (distally) -thumb consists of a proximal and distal phalanx -the four digits consists of a proximal, middle and a distal phalanx |
Articulations
-all of the carpal bones articulate with eachother
-the lunate, triquetral and the scaphoid bones in the proximal row articulate with the distal end of the radius (radiocarpal joint) -all of the carpals of the distal row articulate with the metacarpals of the digits -ulnocarpal joint between the carpals and the head of the ulna via an articular disc -the base of each proximal metacarpal articulates with a carpal bone as well as with its neighbouring metacarpal
-the head of each metacarpal articulates with the base of its related phalanx -articulates with the facet of the radius -the base of each proximal phalanx articulates with the head of its related metacarpal bone
-the head of each phalanx is non-articular |
Image
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(Drake et al., 2005, pg. 708-710)
Tendons
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Location
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Function
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Image
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flexor
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-enters the hand through the carpal tunnel
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-see elbow anatomy
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-see elbow antomy
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extensor
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-enters into the hand on the medial, lateral and posterior surfaces of the wrist in six compartments defined by the extensor retinaculum
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-see elbow anatomy
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-see elbow anatomy
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flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)
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-extends from the tubercle of the trapezium to the hook of the hamate bone
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-converts the carpal arch into the carpal tunnel
-holds the flexor tendons to the bony surface of the wrist |
(Drake et al., 2005, pg. 712 )
Nerves
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Location
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Function
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Image
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ulnar
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-enters the hand anterior to the flexor retinaculum and lateral to the pisiform
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-see elbow anatomy
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-see elbow anatomy
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median
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-enters the hand through the carpal tunnel anterior to the flexor tendons
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-see elbow anatomy
-normal measurment is 9-12mm cross section |
-see elbow anatomy
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(Drake et al., 2005, pg. 726-728)
(Moran L, Perez M, Esteban A, Bellon J, Arranz B, del Cerro M., 2009)
(Moran L, Perez M, Esteban A, Bellon J, Arranz B, del Cerro M., 2009)
Other Anatomy
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Location
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Function
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Image
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(Drake et al., 2005, pg. 712-715)
(O'Neill, 2008, pg. 143)
(Seeley et al., 2011, p. 236)
(Thomas, 2014)
(O'Neill, 2008, pg. 143)
(Seeley et al., 2011, p. 236)
(Thomas, 2014)
Compartments
1
2
3
4
5
6
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Tendons
-abductor pollicis longus
-extensor pollicis brevis -extensor carpi radialis brevis
-extensor carpi radialis longus -extensor pollicis longus
-extensor digitorum -extensor indicis -extensor digiti minimi
-extensor carpi ulnaris
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Function
-abducts the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb (an excessory extensor of the thumb)
-extends metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb and extends the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb -both extend and abduct the wrist
-extends the interphalangeal joint of the thumb and extends carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb
-extends the index, middle, ring and little fingers as well as it extends the wrist
-extends the index finger -extends the little finger
-extends and adducts the wrist
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(Thomas, 2014)