Bones
humerus
scapula
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Important Landmarks
-greater tuberosity
-lesser tuberosity -head -intertubercular groove (transverse bicipital groove) -medial/lateral epicondyle -capitulum -trochlear notch (semilunar notch) -olecranon fossa -cornoid fossa -radial fossa -radial groove -acromion process
-coracoid process -supraglenoid tubercle -infraglenoid tubercle -glenoid cavity -scapular notch -scapular spine -infraspinatus fossa -supraspinatus fossa -subscapular fossa -lateral (axillary) border |
Articulations
-head articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula (glenohumeral joint)
-trochlear notch articulates with the proximal end of the ulna -capitulum articulates with the head of the radius (proximal portion of the radius) -medial epicondyle allows for attachment of muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm -lateral epicondyle allows for attachment of muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm -the radial nerve lies in the radial groove -glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the humerus (glenohumeral joint)
-acromion process articulates with the lateral end of the clavicle (acromioclavicular joint) |
Image
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clavicle
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-sternal (medial) end
-acromial (lateral) end |
-lateral end articulates with the acromion process of the scapula (acromioclavicular joint)
-medial end articulates with the clavicular notch of the manubrium of the sternum (sternoclavicular joint) |
(Drake et al., 2005, pg. 623-629)
**rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity
(Drake et al., 2005, pg. 637, 647 )
(O'Neill, 2008, pg. 25)
(O'Neill, 2008, pg. 25)
Muscles
biceps brachii
(biceps tendon) deltoid
pectoralis
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Origin
long head-supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
short head-coracoid process -inferior edge of the crest of the spine of the scapula
-lateral margin of the acromion -anterior border of the lateral one-third of the clavicle -major-clavicular head (anterior surface of the medial half of clavicle), sternocostal head (anterior surface of sternum), first seven costal cartilages, sternal end of the sixth rib, aponeurosis of the external oblique
-minor-anterior and superior borders of ribs three to five |
Insertion
-radial tubersosity of the radius
-deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
-major-lateral tip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
-minor-coracoid processs of the scapula |
Movement
-flexion of the arm
-flexion of the forearm at the elbow -supination of the forearm -abduction of the arm
-flexion and extension of the arm -flexion, extension, adduction, medial rotation of the arm
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(Drake et al., 2005, pg. 634, 643,650)
(O'Neill, 2008, pg. 25)
(O'Neill, 2008, pg. 25)
Bursea of Shoulder
subacromial/subdeltoid
(SASD) subcoricoid
subscapular
supra acromial
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Location
-deep to the deltoid muscle and acromion process
-superficial to the supraspinatous tendon and joint capsule -laterally extends beyond the rotator cuff insertion about 3cm -deep to the coracoid process
-superficial to the subscapularis tendon -may communicate with the SASD and shoulder joint -deep to the subscapularis tendon
-superficial to the joint capsule -communicates with the joint -within the subcutaneous tissue
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Image
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(Thomas, 2014, pg. 24, 26)
(O'Neill, 2008, pg. 29)
(O'Neill, 2008, pg. 29)
Ligaments
coracohumeral
glenohumeral (superior, middle and infeferior)
transverse humeral
acromioclavicular (AC)
coracoacromial (CAL)
glenoid labrum
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Bony Attachments
-thickened portion of the joint capsule that extends from the base of the coracoid process to the greater tubercle of the humerus
-thickened portion of the joint capsule that extends from the superomedial margin of the glenoid cavity to the lesser tubercle of the humerus and the inferiorly related anatomical neck of the humerus
-thickened portion of the joint capsule that extends between the greater and lesser tubercle of the humerus and holds the biceps tendon in place
-superior to the acromioclavicular joint extending from the clavicle to the acromion process of the scapula
-extends from the acromion process of the scapula to the coracoid
-a built up fibrocartilage ring around the glenoid cavity used to stabilize the humeral head
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Image
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**the transverse humeral, coracohumeral, glenohumeral, and the glenoid labrum are ligaments that prevent dislocation of the shoulder
(Drake et al., 2005, pg. 626-629)
(O'Neill, 2008, pg. 31)
(O'Neill, 2008, pg. 31)
Other Anatomy
joint capsule
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Function
-composed of an outer fibrous membrane that attaches from the margin of the glenoid cavity to the anatomical neck of the humerus
-thickened portions of the outer fibrous membrane give rise to the glenohumeral, coracohumeral, and transverse humeral ligaments -helps to keep the joint together while allowing for movement -it contains an inner synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid which lubricates the joint |
Images
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(Drake et al., 2005, pg. 628)